The History of Sao Paulo

The History of Sao Paulo So Paulo, Brazil is the biggest city in Latin America, pushing out next in line Mexico City by several million occupants. It has a long and fascinating history, including filling in as command post for the scandalous Bandeirantes. Establishment The main European pilgrim in the region was Joo Ramalho, a Portuguese mariner who had been wrecked. He was the first to investigate the territory of present-day So Paulo. In the same way as other urban communities in Brazil, So Paulo was established by Jesuit Missionaries. So Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga was set up in 1554 as a strategic believer Guains locals to Catholicism. In 1556-1557 the Jesuits manufactured the primary school in the district. The town was deliberately found, being between the sea and prolific grounds toward the west, and it is additionally on the Tietã ª River. It turned into an official city in 1711. Bandeirantes In the early long periods of So Paulo, it turned into the command post for the Bandeirantes, which were wayfarers, slave masters, and miners who investigated the inside of Brazil. In this remote corner of the Portuguese Empire, there was no law, so merciless men would investigate the unknown marshes, mountains and streams of Brazil taking anything they desired, be it local slaves, valuable metals or stones. A portion of the more heartless Bandeirantes, for example, Antonio Rapã'so Tavares (1598-1658), would even sack and consume Jesuit missions and subjugate the locals who lived there. The Bandeirantes investigated a lot of the Brazilian inside, however at a significant expense: thousands, if not a huge number of locals, were executed and oppressed in their raids.​​ Gold and Sugar Gold was found in the province of Minas Gerais toward the finish of the seventeenth century, and resulting investigations found valuable stones there also. The gold blast was felt in So Paulo, which was an entryway to Minas Gerais. A portion of the benefits were put resources into sugarcane manors, which were very gainful for a period. Espresso and Immigration Espresso was acquainted with Brazil in 1727 and has been a urgent piece of the Brazilian economy from that point onward. So Paulo was one of the principal urban communities to profit by the espresso blast, turning into an inside for espresso trade in the nineteenth century. The espresso blast pulled in So Paulo’s first significant influx of remote outsiders after 1860, for the most part poor Europeans (especially Italians, Germans, and Greeks) looking for work, despite the fact that they were before long followed by various Japanese, Arabs, Chinese, and Koreans. At the point when subjection was banned in 1888, the requirement for laborers just developed. So Paulo’s impressive Jewish people group additionally was set up around this time. When the espresso blast failed in the mid 1900s, the city had just fanned out into different enterprises. Autonomy So Paulo was significant in the Brazilian autonomy development. The Portuguese Royal Family had moved to Brazil in 1807, escaping Napoleon’s armed forces, setting up an illustrious court from which they managed Portugal (in any event hypothetically: in actuality, Portugal was governed by Napoleon) just as Brazil and other Portuguese property. The Royal family moved back to Portugal in 1821 after the annihilation of Napoleon, leaving oldest child Pedro accountable for Brazil. The Brazilians were before long infuriated by their arrival to province status, and Pedro concurred with them. On September 7, 1822, in So Paulo, he proclaimed Brazil autonomous and himself Emperor. Turn of the Century Between the espresso blast and riches originating from mines in the inside of the nation, So Paulo before long turned into the most extravagant city and territory in the country. Railways were fabricated, interfacing it to the next significant urban areas. By the turn of the century, significant ventures were making their base in So Paulo, and the foreigners continued pouring in. By at that point, So Paulo was drawing in outsiders from Europe and Asia as well as from inside Brazil too: poor, uneducated laborers from the Brazilian upper east overwhelmed into So Paulo searching for work. The 1950s So Paulo profited extraordinarily from the industrialization activities created during the organization of Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-1961). During his time, the car business developed, and it was focused in So Paulo. One of the laborers in the industrial facilities during the 1960s and 1970s was as a matter of fact Luiz Incio Lula da Silva, who might proceed to become president. So Paulo kept on developing, both as far as populace and impact. So Paulo additionally turned into the most significant city for business and trade in Brazil. So Paulo Today So Paulo has developed into a socially differing city, ground-breaking financially and strategically. It keeps on being the most significant city in Brazil for business and industry and recently has been finding itself socially and creatively too. It has consistently been on the front line of workmanship and writing and keeps on being home to numerous specialists and scholars. It is a significant city for music too, the same number of well known artists are from that point. The individuals of So Paulo are glad for their multicultural roots: the settlers who populated the city and worked in its industrial facilities are gone, yet their relatives have kept their customs thus Paulo is a differing city.

The Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Organization - Essay Example s gainfulness served to the development of the authoritative exercises around the world; at present, the firm’s locales work in Britain, Ireland and Continental Europe. In 2009 the firm’s incomes were evaluated to 447,661 (million pounds); in 2008 the incomes of the firm came to the 431, 062 (million pounds). The development of the firm has prompted its posting in ‘FTSE 250 and FTSE All Share indices’ (Stobard Group, Investors, Listing Information). A key point in the firm’s development is by all accounts its obtaining by WA Developments International (in 2004); the firm’s new proprietors presented significant changes in the firm’s culture driving the association to get one of the most impressive players in the British coordinations industry. Stobard Group is among the UK’s significant rivals in the coordinations business; the firm was first settled in 1970; today, the firm’s locales in Britain, Europe and Ireland are evaluated to 40 (corporate site, 2010); as the decades progressed, the firm’s structure has been changed being lined up with the expanded authoritative needs †the development of the firm’s destinations inside and outside Britain prompted the requirement for changes in hierarchical size and structure; the authoritative culture can be portrayed as steady; intercessions have been made meaning to build the firm’s seriousness in its industry. The firm began as a privately-owned company †in 1960; in 1970 Eddie Stobart Limited was set up heavily influenced by Eddie and Edward Stobart; it was in 2004 that the firm’s possession changed definitely; the firm was gained by WA Developments International †a firm ‘owned by Andrew Tinkler and William Stobart’ (Stobart Group, History); up today the firm is heavily influenced by A. Tinkler and W.Stobart who have presented critical changes in authoritative structure and culture †a reality that additionally decidedly influenced the firm’s position in its industry. As noted over, the firm was first settled as a

Balance of Attraction Simple Thoughts on Dating for Men and Women

Balance of Attraction Simple Thoughts on Dating for Men and Women Dating Tips  Are Often Misguided Have you ever experienced a migraine headache? A thousand years ago a doctor would treat your migraine with bloodlettingâ€"the removal of blood from a patient to cure illnessâ€"believing it would restore balance in the body. Of course bleeding won’t help your headache, but physicians swore by the practice well into the 19th century. Why did so many people support such a useless, harmful remedy? Because afterward, patients felt better. Everyone attributed the relief to blood loss, failing to understand the many thousands of variables at play. That’s sort of how dating advice works, too. Over the years Ive learned that men and women can improve their love lives with straightforward changes in habits and conversation techniques. Such growth can be achieved without sleazy pickup routines, without objectifying other people, and without any of the bloodletting of the so-called pickup-artist industry. In romance there is an elegant interplay that takes  place. I call this harmony the Balance of Attraction, which is the basis for everything I talk about when I teach men and women how to improve their dating lives. The Balance of Attraction is comprised of four components: personal investment, reciprocated investment, comfort, and tension. These ingredients are present in every romantic interaction. Personal Investment Attraction cannot happen without first investment. We tend to place value in the people, places, and things we spend time on. The goal is to insure that the person of interest is thoroughly engaged in the dialogue. The best way to garner his or her full investment is to first invest yourself. Once I was unwinding with friends at a pub when a drunken bar patron asked if we could light his cigarette. None of us smoked, but that didn’t stop him from requesting to borrow our nonexistent lighter five more times over the next few minutes. Needless to say he was a nuisance, and we didn’t want to share our time with him. Fast-forward to later that night when a jovial gentleman entered the bar offering to buy everyone a round of drinks in celebration of his new baby’s birthâ€"everyone wanted to talk with him and offer congratulations. Why? The first guy was taking value, while the second had something to offer, which encouraged us to give something back. I’m not suggesting you purchase alcohol for people at a bar. Your personal investment doesn’t require money. My favorite way to start a conversation is humor. Most people enjoy good jokes, and they usually appreciate the person telling the jokes. Maybe you’re not a natural comedian. You might try something as easy as holding a door or complimenting someone’s karaoke performance. The point is to initiate the interaction with something pleasant that encourages the POI to reciprocate. Reciprocated Investment Of course there’s more to romance than simply making sure you’re both talking enough. You need to establish rapport. Uncovering shared interests and values can achieve mutual comfort. Your commonalities give you conversation topics, and you’ll become relaxed in each other’s company. A great example of reciprocated investment is when the man or woman you like starts to talk more than you. Perhaps he or she shares stories from their youth or talks about her dedication to local volunteering. The goal is to get him or her to share themselves. Also look for instances when the person of interest asks questions about you such as, “How do you feel about dating an ambitious person?” or, “What does your boyfriend think about your art work?” Intimate questions are a strong indicator of interest. Comfort It’s impossible to create romance without first building rapport. Failing to establish comfort with your love interest is like trying to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich without the bread. It can’t be done. Comfort helps you earn trust. That trust comes in handy when you amp up the tension later. Your potential lover won’t stick around when things get tense unless they already enjoy talking with you. The best way to establish a comfortable connection is to uncover commonalities you share with the other person. Aim for niche areas of interest. Almost everyone enjoys listening to music and watching movies, so interests like that don’t help create bonds, but what if you both share an affinity for Russian literature? Clearly the latter would spark more interest. Try to find something unusual you share in common. Tension Comfort is good, but you shouldnt get too relaxed. Sexual tension is absolutely necessary for healthy romance. Intensity can be built in a number of ways, including simple actions like sustained eye contact and appropriate physical contact at opportune times. Like comfort, you don’t want your exchange to become too tense, which can happen when one person is too aggressive. All things in good time. Enjoy the journey instead of rushing to a destination. Looking for a great way to create tension and encourage someone to open up? Try saying something like, “I enjoy chatting with you, but I worry that most conversations between strangers ultimately fall into the same tired patterns. Let’s go off script. I’m curious about what makes you tic. What are you passionate about?” Diagram: Balance of Attraction Heres an illustration to clarify: As you can see, a good interaction will fall somewhere in the middle. Healthy romance typically has  equal balance from  all four components. This system is based on simplicity. You needn’t memorize scripts or buy fancy clothes to impress your potential sweetheart. Understanding these concepts will help romance form naturally. Obviously, there’s much more to fulfilling courtship than a Venn diagram, but this is a good start. Next time you’re in a potentially romantic interaction, ask yourself, “Where are we in the Balance of Attraction?” Simply being mindful of these variables will go a long way toward improving your dating life. Video: Crew Spence Explains the Balance of Attraction Crew Spence has been a dating coach since  2006, specializing  in helping men and woman take a healthy, balanced approach toward meaningful dating. He  lives in Austin, Texas, with his girlfriend, Kate, and their  dog, Alfie. Learn more about  Crew at his  about page.

Will the 17-Year Cicadas Damage My Trees

Periodical cicadas, sometimes called 17-year locusts, emerge from the ground by the thousands every 13 or 17 years. The cicada nymphs cover trees, shrubs, and other plants, and then molt into adulthood. Adult males congregate in loud choruses, and fly together in search of females. Homeowners may be concerned about damage to their landscapes or gardens. Periodical cicada nymphs feed underground on tree roots, but will not cause significant damage to your landscape trees. In fact, the cicada nymphs help aerate the soil, and bring nutrients and nitrogen to the surface, benefiting plants. Once the nymphs emerge, they spend a few days on trees and shrubs, allowing their new adult exoskeletons to harden and darken. During this time, they do not feed and will not damage your trees. Adult cicadas exist for one reason – to mate. Egg laying by mated females does damage trees. The female cicada excavates a channel in small twigs or branches (those around the diameter of a pen). She oviposits her eggs in the slit, effectively splitting the branch open. The ends of affected branches will brown and wilt, a symptom called flagging. On mature, healthy trees, even this cicada activity should not concern you. Large, established trees can withstand the loss of branch ends, and will recover from the onslaught of cicadas. Young trees, particularly ornamental fruit trees, do require some protection. Because most of its branches are still small enough to attract female cicadas intent on laying eggs, a young tree may lose most or all of its branches. In very young trees with trunks under 1 1/2 diameter, even the trunk may be excavated by a mated female. So how do you keep your new landscape trees safe from cicada damage? If periodical cicadas are due to emerge in your area, you should place netting over any young trees. Use netting with openings less than one half inch wide, or cicadas will be able to crawl through it. Drape the netting over the entire tree canopy, and secure it to the trunk so no cicadas can crawl under the opening. Your netting will need to be in place before the cicadas emerge; remove it once all the cicadas are gone. If you are planning to plant a new tree in a year when cicadas are due to emerge in your area, wait until the fall. The tree will have 17 years to grow and establish itself before the next generation arrives.

What is the Purpose of Education - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 894 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Education Essay Level High school Tags: Philosophy Of Education Essay Did you like this example? I believe the purpose of education is that all people have the opportunity to learn. Education will unlock the mind of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. Education will cause children to unlock knowledge and become boys and girls that will turn out to be men and women in society who can function successfully in society. Who should receive an education? Everyone born into this world should receive an education. Everyone learn different so no matter what it takes, everyone should be given the right to an education. I believe that all children are different therefore each children is unique in his or her own way. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What is the Purpose of Education?" essay for you Create order How should the learning environment be structured, both physically and emotionally? The learning environment should first of all be safe and hazard free. It should be a warm loving environment that make anyone feel safe and welcome. The environment should nurture a childs emotions so that the child will be able to adjust and open up to their environment which will promote that child to adapt to a learning environment. What are your responsibilities and obligations as an educator of young children or youth? My responsibilities as an educator is to make sure all children are treating fairly. I must make sure children have a safe place to learn and develop in every area of life. Each child must feel safe and happy while making learning fun and exciting. As, an early childhood educator, it is my responsibility to promote learning through play. I must also encourage independence and creativity. The educator must stimulate intellectual curiosity and understand the world around them. Every educator must understand that each child is different and they all learn on different levels. Each child is different, so teaching should be different. What roles do the parents, school administrators, and community at large play in education? Parents play a large play in the life of their child. Their parent is their first role model. Parents should model a good attitude about learning and that will inspire their child to be positive about their educational journey. A childs first learning starts with the parent. Children begin to learn from the time they are conceived in the womb of the mother. Parents begin to read to their child and let the child listen to music. Mothers even talk to the child in the womb. The parents and the community should make sure children have a safe learning environment. Community is a casual and energetic agency of education. It is defined as a group of families settled together in a particular area with more or less common practices, ideals, ideas, values and culture. There are different agencies that support the community such as: museums, art galleries, libraries, music drama centers, recreation centers, religious and secular institution. The administrator works with the staff to make sure everyone is collaborating and working toward the same common goals and opportunities. The administrator come up with a team to support the childs goals. The administrator play a vital role in planning the curriculum, standard testing, goals, timelines, budgets, and state regulations. Most administrators learn strategies how to relate to all children background. How should educators teach children and youth? Every educator must understand that each child is different and they all learn on different levels. Each child is different, so teaching should be different. The educator should provide goals with the children abilities in mind and include physical and intellectual accomplishments. Children should be introduced to art, music, pre-math, social-self, pre-reading and kindergarten readiness activities as the child shows interest. The educator should keep the child motivated about learning. What should educators teach children and youth? Educator should teach developmentally appropriate activities that change with the age and experience of the learner. The teacher should take in account of the childs cultural background. Teachers may have to come up with different strategies as to how to teach a child. A formal curriculum should be planned program of objectives, contents, learning experiences, resources and assessments offered by a school. Informal curriculum is not planned, its randomly done. Extra Curriculum Fall outside of the normal curriculum Each one of these curriculums play a vital part in the education of a child. I believe a curriculum should always be in place. The curriculum help the educator to stay focused on what they are teaching the children. It helps to track the childs progress. It will help to determine a childs weaknesses and strengthens. I believe sometimes an educator has to stray away from the curriculum or use another learning tool to help the child to learn the curriculum. I think that the educator should do what is necessary to promote the child in learning. I plan to help each child grow to their full potential in learning and at the same time making learning fun and exciting. What do you value? Should educators teach these (or any other) values? As an early childhood educator, we have an incredible opportunity and power to make a difference in the lives of our students. I value my students present and future education. During the first three years of a childs life, essential brain and neural development occurs. Therefore, children greatly benefit by receiving education before kindergarten. This is a key value that every educator should focus on because our job as an early childhood professional is extremely important.

Syllabus Risk Free Essays

BADM 574 – MSTM Simulation and Risk Analysis Spring 2013 Lectures: ADV: TR 9:30 am – 10:50 am in 2043 BIF GRD: TR 11:00 am – 12:20 pm in 2043 BIF Final Exam: 7-10 pm, Tuesday May 7, 2013 ADV: 2041 BIF GRD: 2043 BIF Instructor: H. Dharma Kwon, Assistant Professor of Business Administration, College of Business, University of Illinois Of? ce: Email: Phone: Of? ce Hours: 365 Wohlers Hall dhkwon@illinois. edu 217-333-3522 Tuesdays 2 – 4 pm or by appointment Note: When you send email to the instructor, your subject line must contain the course title. We will write a custom essay sample on Syllabus Risk or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the of? ce hours, you can call my of? ce. Course Objectives: This course is about using numbers to make better decisions. The focus will be on â€Å"handson† use of quantitative tools for solution of management problems often involving risk and uncertainty. Speci? c course objectives: (1) Introduce you to practical yet sophisticated tools suitable for modeling and solving complex managerial problems with risky outcomes, and (2) improve 1 your skill and experience with the use of spreadsheet tools for analysis of management decision problems. We will learn to mathematically model business decision problems and apply their analytical skills to realistic business contexts. The material covered is useful for executives in all professional areas of business, including but not limited to accounting, ? nance, marketing, information systems, operations management or any other area where it is important to combine quantitative analysis with expert intuitive judgment. Prerequisite: This course builds upon some rudimentary knowledge of mathematics (probability and statistics) and basic pro? ciency with Microsoft Excel. Required Materials: 1. To purchase the required electronic course pack, go to https://create. mcgraw-hill. com/shop/ and search for the following ISBN number: 1121833926. The course pack contains all required cases and some readings. 2. TreePlan, RiskSim, and SensIt (provided by the MSTM program and downloadable from Compass 2g course website) 3. A laptop and Microsoft Excel 2010 (for Windows) or 2011 (for Mac) installed in your laptop Evaluation Methods: There are four components to the evaluation: Case Summary: Minicase Analysis: Group Project: Final Exam: Cases Summary: Roughly every week, individual case summary assignment(s) are due. We will discuss cases in class, so it is important to read and understand the problems posed by the cases before coming to the classroom. The summary of each case must not exceed one page, and it must be submitted on-line via Compass. (PDF format is strongly preferred). It will be graded on a pass/fail basis. In order to pass a case summary assignment, you must show suf? cient evidence that you have read the case and understood the gist of it. 2 10% 30% 15% 45% Minicase Analysis: Minicase analyses (problem sets) will be assigned roughly once a week and graded. The minicases are designed to help you learn the mechanics of the methods covered in class and to give you an opportunity to apply the concepts in simple and illustrative contexts. Please note that minicase assignments require careful interpretation and analysis of the given problems. Points will be deducted if you misinterpret the information given in the case assignments. Discuss your assumptions and clearly explain your quantitative reasoning. Answers (even correct answers) without logical and quantitative reasoning will not receive credit. Minicase analysis assignments will be posted on Compass. This is sometimes an individual assignment but sometimes a team assignment. Late assignments are generally not accepted. Group Project: In the last week of the course, each team will submit an original minicase. The minicase should be based on a real business situation (in the past, in the present, or in the future) and must be analyzed using one or more of the methods or concepts discussed in this course. If you’d like, you can also add other methodology that is not discussed in class. Each case must consist of two parts. In part 1, a business decision problem must be presented with essential information. It can be a ? ctional situation, but it must be based on a real business situation. Part 1 might look like one of the short cases that we analyze in this course and the text (excluding exhibits) must not exceed 5 pages typed ingle-spaced in 12 pt font. (See Darden’s cases for the document format). In part 2, the solution to the problem posed in part 1 must be given. When you construct the minicase, you should have pedagogical values in mind, i. e. , think of writing a teaching case or an open-book exam for future MSTM students at the University of Illinois. Your submitted wor k will be evaluated based on how well the decision analytical framework is utilized to solve a given (hopefully non-trivial) problem (50%) and its pedagogical value or the practicality of the problem (50%). Final Exam: There will be an in-class 3-hour-long open-book, open-notes, and open-laptops ? nal exam. You are NOT allowed to share your laptops with other students or send/receive emails during the ? nal exam. If you miss the ? nal exam without prior discussions with the instructor or without university-authorized emergencies, then you will receive zero credit. 3 Practice Problem Sets: Practice problem sets and their solution keys will be regularly posted on Compass. They are designed to help you understand the material and to provide practice using various concepts and techniques discussed in class. These assignments will not be collected or graded. However, these problem sets will be helpful for the quiz and the ? nal exam. Some practice problems will be discussed as examples in class. Grades: The ? nal letter grade will be based upon each individual’s level of understanding and learning evidenced by the weighted cumulative points from all four components shown in Evaluation Methods. Laptop and Electronic Communications Policy: You are required to bring your laptop to each class; you will have to use your laptop to download ? es and participate in problem-solving activities in class. You are not allowed to check e-mail or send text messages using your cell phone or laptop. Set your cell phone to silent mode. Academic Integrity and Honor Code: You are expected to behave ethically throughout the term and follow the norms and guidelines outlined by the University on academic integrity. 4 Course Modules: Module 1 Topic Reading Cases Module 2 Topic Reading Cases Module 3 Topi c Reading Cases Module 4 Topic Reading Cases Module 5 Topic Reading Cases Module 6 Topic Reading Cases Module 7 Topic Reading Cases Value of Information and Control Risk Management Harimann International Optional module (if time permitted) Downstream Decisions – Merck Co. ; International Guidance Control Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity Analysis Using SensIt CyberLab (A), Supp, (B); Liquid Gold Probability Assessment from Historical Data Probability Distributions Commerce Tavern Simulation Analysis Monte Carlo Simulation Using RiskSim George’s Revised Forecast and Addendum Sampling and Statistical Inference – Jade Shampoo (A) and (B) Decisions under Uncertainty DTP Ch. George’s T-Shirts DTP: Decision Tree Primer (http://www. public. asu. edu/~kirkwood/DAStuff/decisiontrees/index. html) Monte Carlo Simulation Using RiskSim (http://www. treeplan. com/chapters/RiskSim-Guide243. pdf) Sensitivity Analysis Using SensIt (http://www. treeplan. com/chapters/SensIt-Guide-145. pdf) 5 How to cite Syllabus Risk, Papers

Airlines Limited Service Excellence †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Airlines Limited for Service Excellence. Answer: Introduction: One of the most reputed companies situated in Singapore is Singapore Airlines (SIA) who has gained significance for superior quality customer service and well built strategic management. By incorporating Malayan Airlines with Imperial Airways, Ocean Steamship Company in Liverpool and Straits Steamship Company, SIA was formed in the year 1937(Singapore Airlines, 2017). Since then SIA had been able to consider its available resources and gained competitive advantage over its competitors. With technical support of IATA and British Commonwealth Airlines, SIA was able to expand its business. Douglas DC-3s was introduced in companys fleet in the year 1957 after which the company became public and was given the name Malayan Airlines in year 1957. Singapore, Malaya, Sarawak and Sabah formed a federation in the year 1963 after that the company was renamed as Malaysian Airlines. Then in the year 1966, the company was finally given the name of Singapore Airlines after Singapore got detached fro m the federation(Sustainability Report FY2015/16, 2016). Then after, SIA made its headquarters in Singapore. The PESTLE analysis made of SIA will help in getting detailed information regarding companys external factors which are indirectly related to the firm. The threats and opportunities relating external factors will be analysed while evaluating opportunities behind it(Frue, 2017). Political: Politics factor has always been in favour of the company as the carrier of the company carries nations logo, governmental support is always with SIA. The threat here is instability in countries government may affect SIAs business as the flight takeoffs may have to undergo several legal verifications and suspiciousness of securities. The cost of operations has chances of increment with reduced number of passengers in politically affected areas(Pestel and Five Forces analysis of Singapore Airline, 2015). Economic: Economically Airline industries have to face barriers as their operations are related to many countries economies. The most important factor that affects the company is fuel prices i.e. if the economic conditions of countries leverages fuel prices, companys overall pricing strategy will be hampered. Also if economies goes down, it may directly hit the sales of the company as people then prefer not to make longer journeys for tourism purposes. Although SIA uses best pricing strategy, any steep change made in countries GDP are always a threat for the company. Social: Travel and tourism companies have to face many challenges socially as their operations are not limited to one country only. While travelling in countries, different language as well as different cultures has to be faced by companys employees. SIA here faces threats as most of the companys staff is not known to many languages and to face people from different countries becomes quite challenging. The flight attendants are required to understand the demands and problems of passengers and if it is not met, they might face trouble in flight. Technological: Technological factors are immensely substantial in industries where top marketers are involved. People who travel in high class section of flights demand for superior interiors and more comfortable journeys. Thus, in order to provide with high class journey with comfortable environment, airline industries are bound to spend huge amount for technological innovations and make their in flight support more securable. While considering about SIA, it holds youngest form of fleets i.e. latest and newer technologically enabled aircrafts can be found in its collection. The company is still working on its improvements by introducing recliners, headsets, entertaining gadgets and cosy beds which get easily attracted by customers. SIA official websites provides customers with an insight to what they demand and in different budgets(Jurevicius, 2013). Legal: Legally, the government regulations and country laws have always affected airline industries operation. In order to make travelling to other countries, especially while making travel to newer country, SIA has to undergo many paper works and abide by country laws. Different countries follow dissimilar laws and to maintain them becomes quite challenging. Therefore in order to sustain the market, SIA is highly depended on legal and governmental support. Environmental: Climatically airline industries are more prone to disturbances created due to bad weather. The climatic disruptions in countries it deals in like flood, earthquake, drought, etc. can make cancellations of flights. Travelling gets reduced in affected areas which might affect commercial aspects. The increasing contemplation in corporate social responsibility by todays industries has impacted SIA. The company here lacks some reputation as the company has been seen slow in responding and enabling suitable CSR. More customers demands for environmental friendly travelling which has become major concern for big companies(Together We Grow: Environmental Report, 2011). Five force analyses is one of those management tools that helps to identify the external forces of companies which can be further evaluated to bring enhancement in operations. In Singapore Airlines, Five force analyses has been made that may assist its management to evaluate future opportunities and threats that comes in the way of companys future growth path(Chan, 2011). Threats of new entrants: This force relates to scope of entrances made by new competitors in present market. Since SIA has got great prominence in airline industry in Singapore, this force seems weaker. The extensive governmental support and good quality service providing feature makes other entrants difficult to beat SIA. Public support is also gained by company as it is nation supported organisation while having a logo with countries flag itself. One another reason that adds difficulty for new entrant is that the government does not want to add many flights which can create clogging of airports and atmosphere as it may increase air congestion level which impacts global warming. Singapore basically deals in long travelling and thus threat relating long haul is weak. But new entrants that targets short distances travelling can succeed in entering present market(Roll, 2017). Bargaining power of customers: This force in which customers bargaining power is measured seems stronger for SIA. In Asian regions many airline industries are present that provides superior services along with few of them who provides cheaper rates. The increasing awareness of internet and social medias sites have also affected the companys sales as people makes comparisons between available companies before making decision regarding their journey. Lesser to no switching cost also drives customers to change their service operators within no time. Bargaining power of suppliers: This is also a strong force for SIA as airline industries are highly depended on fuel and manufacturing companies. According to Potter, the business seems to have weak position if suppliers bargaining power is high. SIA has to make oil purchases from its suppliers under their conditions and if any hike is seen, the companys profits are affected. SIA purchases its major aircrafts like Boeing and Airbus from other manufacturers. They seem to supply aircrafts along with its parts in higher prices since there is limited number of suppliers. Also after sale services provided by them are very expensive that shows that SIA has threat from its suppliers(GALLEZO-ESTAURA, 2016). Competitive rivalries: Presence of enough competitors, who provides much elevated service to travellers, has always been threat for SIA. The only strategy that saves company here is improvement in service standards and introduction of cost cutting in prices. In few routes like Kangaroo route, SIA has a monopoly which gives tough competition to its competitors along with providing services in those areas which has got more legal complexities(Sustainability Report FY2015/16, 2016). Threat of substitute: Potter has defined this factor as an extent of threat under which any new product is replaced by other companys products. For SIA, governmental support has enabled the company to get easy permissions for connecting with different countries in far distances. However shorter distance travelling has been a matter of concern. For travellers other substitutes like railways and luxury busses have been a good option where price factor is examined. Recomendations SIA has got all the capabilities to rule airline industry, although there are few areas that can be improved to enhance its operations. Firstly SIA needs to work on its CSR strategies that are presently seen negligible in companys management(Bice). If the company shows increase in respect towards environmental safety, it may gain advantage over its customers as well as government. Secondly, the company can introduce various discount schemes or reward systems to attract its customers so that switching of industry from customer side is eliminated. Adding on points while purchasing tickets and thereafter giving rewards may keep SIA customers attached with the company. Thirdly, the company needs to work on its staff training and recruitment. Since the company lacks efficiency in its staffs cultural diversifications, SIA can introduce training programmes where different languages and education about cultures may be provided(Sustainability Report FY2015/16, 2016). This may help them to con vey easily with passengers and also be liked by customers while speaking to them in their languages. The fourth recommendation for SIA will be to diversify its business into manufacturing units. Since the company has to face threats from its suppliers, SIA can establish its own manufacturing units as well as service teams that will also help in reducing companies costs. Conclusion After making analyses of SIA it can be said that the company holds a strong position in airline industry(Southerden, 2017). The strategic management of the company has enabled SIA to give high returns to its stakeholders while enhancing travel and tourism industry. The company provides additional services to its customers by making recommendations for hotel and destination booking while arranging convenience for them(AYOB). SIA has always shown its advancement in procuring latest technology methods and newer fleet of aircrafts which have always attracted its customers. The only part where the company can make improvement is to introduce environmental security as well as in flight support which can ensure further growth of the company in positive direction. On concluding note it can be said that SIAs mission to provide superior service to its customers has been seen in its operations. References AYOB, A. M. (n.d.). SINGAPORE AIRLINES LIMITED: BUILDING A CULTURE OF SERVICE EXCELLENCE . Retrieved from https://mahdzan.com/papers/sia/singapore_airlines.pdf Bice, S. (n.d.). CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT: TWO KEEPS TO THE SAME CASTLE? Retrieved from https://accsr.com.au/csr-and-sia-same-castle/ Blackburn, M. (2016). PESTLE analysis. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/pestle-analysis-mike-blackburn Chan, I. (2011). Singapore Airlines Breaks into Budget Carrier Industry. Retrieved from https://blogs.ubc.ca/ivanchan/2011/11/24/singapore-airlines-breaks-into-budget-carrier-industry/ Frue, K. (2017). PESTLE Analysis in Strategic Management. Retrieved from https://pestleanalysis.com/pestle-analysis-in-strategic-management/ GALLEZO-ESTAURA, K. (2016). Will cheap jet fuel costs continue to save Singapore Airlines from declining revenues? Retrieved from https://sbr.com.sg/aviation/exclusive/will-cheap-jet-fuel-costs-continue-save-singapore-airlines-declining-revenues Jurevicius, O. (2013). PEST PESTEL Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/pest-pestel-analysis.html Odessa, C. (2017). Charts and Diagrams. Retrieved from https://www.conceptdraw.com/samples/marketing-sale-diagrams-charts-diagrams Pestel and Five Forces analysis of Singapore Airline. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/pestel-and-five-forces-analysis-of-singapore-airline-marketing-essay.php Roll, M. (2017). Singapore Airlines An Excellent, Iconic Asian Brand. Retrieved from https://martinroll.com/resources/articles/strategy/singapore-airlines-an-excellent-asian-brand/ Singapore Airlines. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/in/home Southerden, L. (2017). Airline review: Singapore Airlines economy class, Brisbane to Singapore. Retrieved from https://www.traveller.com.au/flight-test-singapore-airlines-economy-class-brisbane-to-singapore-gumpxu Sustainability Report FY2015/16. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.singaporeair.com/saar5/pdf/Investor-Relations/Annual-Report/sustainabilityreport1516.pdf Together We Grow: Environmental Report. (2011). Retrieved from Singapore Airlines: https://www.singaporeair.com/pdf/media-centre/report2011.pdf

Free Essays on Illiad

Homer’s epic, the Iliad, cam be depicted as a horrible, bloody war or a celebration of heroism brought about by the great soldiers of the Achaeans and Trojans. Many people die in vain because of arrogant and emotional decisions made by men. The war also brings out the heroic qualities of the men fighting against each other. The Iliad is one of the greatest Greek writings of all times showing both the brutality and heroism of war. The Iliad shows the brutality of war by the many unkindly deaths throughout the epic. Homer describes many deaths in violent, anatomic detail. The plague that Agamemnon brought upon the Achaeans is one example of the brutality of war. The plague was made because of a selfish Achilles. Other examples would be by the way Patroclus and Hector is killed. Apollo kills Patroclus because of his honor for Achilles. Hector is brutally killed by Achilles because of the death of his dear friend Patroclus. Hectors body was treated so badly after his death that it was an insult to him. Like all wars, most of the deaths serve as a purpose of showing the reader that no death is insignificant or easy. The characters of the Iliad have different ways of showing heroism. In the time of the Trojan War, there was an unwritten code of heroic conduct that the bravest warriors followed. Hector is a hero in his own way. Although he died in a very dreadful way, the Trojans all celebrated him as a great hero of their time. The Greeks also treat Patroclus as a hero after his death. He was given a great celebration in his honor. Achilles was possibly the most valued hero of Greek time. When Priam begs Achilles for Hectors body, they share moment of realization of what has been lost to the long war. Surprisingly, Achilles agrees to return Hectors body so he can have a proper burial. Throughout the poem, Achilles, Hector, and Patroculus all became more mature, which is why we can look back at them as being the grea... Free Essays on Illiad Free Essays on Illiad Homer’s epic, the Iliad, cam be depicted as a horrible, bloody war or a celebration of heroism brought about by the great soldiers of the Achaeans and Trojans. Many people die in vain because of arrogant and emotional decisions made by men. The war also brings out the heroic qualities of the men fighting against each other. The Iliad is one of the greatest Greek writings of all times showing both the brutality and heroism of war. The Iliad shows the brutality of war by the many unkindly deaths throughout the epic. Homer describes many deaths in violent, anatomic detail. The plague that Agamemnon brought upon the Achaeans is one example of the brutality of war. The plague was made because of a selfish Achilles. Other examples would be by the way Patroclus and Hector is killed. Apollo kills Patroclus because of his honor for Achilles. Hector is brutally killed by Achilles because of the death of his dear friend Patroclus. Hectors body was treated so badly after his death that it was an insult to him. Like all wars, most of the deaths serve as a purpose of showing the reader that no death is insignificant or easy. The characters of the Iliad have different ways of showing heroism. In the time of the Trojan War, there was an unwritten code of heroic conduct that the bravest warriors followed. Hector is a hero in his own way. Although he died in a very dreadful way, the Trojans all celebrated him as a great hero of their time. The Greeks also treat Patroclus as a hero after his death. He was given a great celebration in his honor. Achilles was possibly the most valued hero of Greek time. When Priam begs Achilles for Hectors body, they share moment of realization of what has been lost to the long war. Surprisingly, Achilles agrees to return Hectors body so he can have a proper burial. Throughout the poem, Achilles, Hector, and Patroculus all became more mature, which is why we can look back at them as being the grea...

Globalization in the Modern World

Globalization in the Modern World If you look at the tag on your shirt, chances are you would see that it was made in a country other than the one in which you sit right now. Whats more, before it reached your wardrobe, this shirt could have very well been made with Chinese cotton sewed by Thai hands, shipped across the Pacific on a French freighter crewed by Spaniards to a Los Angeles harbor. This international exchange is just one example of globalization, a process that has everything to do with geography. Definition and Examples of Globalization Globalization is the process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture. McDonalds in Japan, French films being played in Minneapolis, and the United Nations  are all representations of globalization. Improved Technology in Transportation and Telecommunications What makes globalization possible is the ever-increasing capacity for and efficiency of how people and things move and communicate. In years past, people across the globe did not have the ability to communicate and could not interact without difficulty. Nowadays, a phone, instant message, fax, or video conference call can easily be used to connect people throughout the world. Additionally, anyone with the funds can book a plane flight and show up halfway across the world in a matter of hours. In short, the friction of distance is lessened, and the world begins to metaphorically shrink. Movement of People and Capital A general increase in awareness, opportunity, and transportation technology has allowed people to move about the world in search of a new home, a new job, or to flee a place of danger. Most migration takes place within or between developing countries, possibly because of lower standards of living and lower wages push individuals to places with a greater chance for economic success. Additionally, capital (money) is being moved globally with the ease of electronic transference and a rise in perceived investment opportunities. Developing countries are a popular place for investors to place their capital because of the enormous room for growth. Diffusion of Knowledge The word diffusion simply means to spread out, and that is exactly what any new found knowledge does. When a new invention or way of doing something pops up, it does not stay secret for long. A good example of this is the appearance of automotive farming machines in Southeast Asia, an area long home to manual agricultural labor. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Multinational Corporations As global awareness of certain issues has risen, so too has the number of organizations that aim to deal with them. Sos of NGOs include Amnesty International or Doctors Without Borders. As countries are connected to the rest of the world (through increased communication and transportation) they immediately form what a business would call a market. What this means is that a particular population represents more people to buy a particular product or service. As more and more markets are opening up, business people from around the globe are coming together to form multinational corporations in order to access these new markets. Another reason that businesses are going global is that some jobs can be done by foreign workers at a much cheaper cost than domestic workers. This is referred to as outsourcing. At its core globalization is an easing of borders, making them less important as countries become dependent on each other to thrive. Some scholars claim that governments are becoming less influential in the face of an increasingly economic world. Others contest this, insisting that governments are becoming more important because of the need for regulation and order in such a complex world system. Is Globalization a Good Thing? There is a heated debate about the true effects of globalization and if it really is such a good thing. Good or bad, though, there isnt much argument as to whether or not it is happening. Lets look at the positives and negatives of globalization, and you can decide for yourself whether or not it is the best thing for our world. Positive Aspects of Globalization As more money is poured into developing countries, there is a greater chance for the people in those countries to economically succeed and increase their standard of living.Global competition encourages creativity and innovation and keeps prices for commodities/services in check.Developing countries are able to reap the benefits of current technology without undergoing many of the growing pains associated with the development of these technologies.Governments are able to better work together towards common goals now that there is an advantage in cooperation, an improved ability to interact and coordinate, and a global awareness of issues.There is greater access to foreign culture in the form of movies, music, food, clothing, and more. In short, the world has more choices. Negative Aspects of Globalization Outsourcing, while it provides jobs to a population in one country, takes away those jobs from another country, leaving many without opportunities.Although different cultures from around the world are able to interact, they begin to meld, and the contours and individuality of each begin to fade.There may be a greater chance of disease spreading worldwide, as well as invasive species that could prove devastating in non-native ecosystems.There is little international regulation, an unfortunate fact that could have dire consequences for the safety of people and the environment.Large Western-driven organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank make it easy for a developing country to obtain a loan. However, a Western focus is often applied to a non-Western situation, resulting in failed progress.

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 16

Reflection Paper - Essay Example Allen infers that he never bothers to use a more energy intensive and expensive technology in areas where a simple technology can serve a similar purpose. In place of industrial fertilizer, he opts to create his own compost rations that serve the same purpose as the industrial fertilizer. The captioned picture in the book where Allen is standing at the top of a gigantic compost pile speaks volume of the sheer capacity of a simple technology which is less energy intensive. The compost is made from recycled farm waste, brewery waste, coffee grounds, and food waste. The composting operation is run in a greenhouse that absorbs several thousand pounds of coffee grounds from the surrounding restaurants and mash which is an output from an organic restaurant. Other inputs include tons of vegetables and fruits that are usually collected from local food banks. The composting process emits enough heat to warm up the greenhouses during the freezing winters in Milwaukee. In case of alternative, heaters and lighting in the greenhouse can be used to warm up the structure. This would have been a more costly exercise as heaters and lighting equipment would have to be acquired at a cost and additional costs put in place for fuel or electricity. Simple technology from the compost making process has addressed the problem. The way the compost is managed also depicts Allen’s preference towards simple technology which is energy efficient. Instead of commercially manufactured enzymes, Growing Power uses thousands of worms which are tasked with the responsibility of producing castings by breaking down the food scraps (Allen & Charles 62). The process makes compost and top-grade organic fertilizer every eight weeks. The thousands of worms are equally bred in huge bins which are made out of scrap lumber. Allen finds ways to innovate through fabrications of much simpler version of technology which achieves the desired

Environmental regulations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental regulations - Research Paper Example Due to the fact, the following essay explains various regulations that have come of age. Development of standards that guide the proper usage of water has been the work of the department of the pollution control with the assistance of other agencies (Rerks-Ngarm, 2009). The institute together with other agencies provides the item, the pollution center of excellence in an attempt of improving the air situation in the country. Other works include the monitoring of the air and pollution, emission inventories, and air quality teaching as the others were studying in order to work alongside other partners. Another step is the provision of technical expertise for the provision of support for groups working to reduce contaminated soil, as well as water emissions. In addition, the Thailand government prohibits direct emissions of polluted water by manufacturing companies into the environment. Other enactments ensure the limited burning of waste products such as the burning of PVCs is in an open air. Some of the direct legislation includes the conservation and enhancement of the natural environment quality act of 1992. The standard of water quality act that ensures clean waters is a consistent provision to the citizens. The noise and air quality acts of 2007 that limit the extent of noise, as well as air pollution. In addition, there is the quality of soil act of 2004 that ensures the conservation of soil. The department of labor stipulates the working conditions that articulate the holidays, the minimum wage, the severance pay and the supreme working hours. The supreme number of working time is eight hours in a day that sums up to forty-eight hours a week. The enactments are an exception of work that the law defines as hazardous. In such scenarios, the working hours are seven or forty-two hours in a working week. Employees have thirteen holidays in a year. Besides, the employees are entitled to vacations of six days after a whole year of work that has no breaks. The

The Resource Based View Of Wal Mart Management Essay

The Resource Based View Of Wal Mart Management Essay The broad marketing environment of an organisation consists of the intra-organisational interactions amongst its internal factors, as also the external, diverse and inter-related environmental factors that are referred to as the external macro-environment (Lancaster Reynolds, 2001). Michael Porters diamond model states that whilst criteria like location, land, labour and magnitude of local population are conventionally considered to be influential in shaping competitive advantage, the real competitive national advantages are obtained by factors like strategy, organisational structure, business rivalries and competition, and related ancillary industries (Proctor, 2002). Hofstede, in his study of international cultures found that cultures comprise of rituals, values, symbols and heroes and that the bedrock of cultural differences between organisational culture flowed from five dimensions of national culture, (Hofstede, 2001), namely (a) power distance, (b) Uncertainty avoidance, (c) individualism, (d) long-term orientation and (e) masculinity (Vinken, Soeters, Ester, 2004). The larger macro environment, widely referred to as the PESTEL analytical framework, concerns political, economic, societal, technological, environmental and legal factors, whose analysis helps in scrutinising and pinpointing the influence of such environmental forces on organisations (Gray, 1999, P 12). Ritzer (1996) concludes that whilst remonstrating and opposing McDonaldisation is potentially worthwhile, the future of added McDonaldisation appears inevitable (Alfino, Caputo, Wynyard, 1998). The resource-based view (RBV) centres into intra-industry heterogenic organisations and contends that firms are distinctive packets of resources and capabilities providing the foundation for gaining competitive advantages; it conveys that organisations should leverage these self-owned resources even in unstructured international markets (Fahy, 1996). The RBV states that competitive advantage from resources can be achieved only if such resources are precious and enable the exploitation of an external opportunity or the counteracting of a threat (Fahy, 1996). Another critical characteristic of resource is rarity, which is inherently the key to heterogeneity, i.e. competitors should not have or be able to access similar resources rendering competitive advantages (Fahy, 1996). The critical condition of imperfect or limited mobility of resource must be further satisfied; imperfect resources that render competitive advantages must not be tradable amongst competitors (Fahy, 1996). Finally, the resource should be imperfectly imitable (Barney, 1991) or as per Peteraf (1993), render several ex-post restrictions to the opposition (Fahy, 1996). Stalk, Evans and Schulman (1992) aver that Wal-Marts growth, leading to its market supremacy, vests in its unique logistics competencies, which underline the magnitude of capabilities as latent causes of competitive advantage; their cross-docking coordination system makes certain that merchandise between two loading docks is transported in not more than forty eight hours (Fahy, 1996). This has benefited Wal-Mart not only in cutting cost of sales, and thereby improving margins, by 2 to 3 percent, but also in minimising the inventory levels (Fahy, 1996), working capital cycle and interest costs. The above system is therefore, seen to be immensely beneficial in value generation through cost reduction and thereby in being a source of competitive advantage; since it satisfies all requisite criteria (Fahy, 1996). The cross-docking system is rare. As it is resource based in terms of the joint utilisation of personnel, delivery vehicles and transportation and communication systems, it satisfies the condition of imperfect mobility (Fahy, 1996). It is also enormously complicated and thus difficult for competitors to reproduce, vis-a-vis the requisite coordination and communication between vendors, distribution centres, sales depots and outlets; it is this intrinsic ability to raise high barriers to imitation that bestows Wal-Mart with competitive advantage (Fahy, 1996). The advanced management methodologies underlined by the current advances in technology now permit the availability of customised merchandise on mass scales; such mass customisation arises from the juxtaposition of dual Japanese systems of flexible manufacturing, or lean production system, and adaptable marketing systems (Yasumuro, 1993),  (Alfino, Caputo, Wynyard, 1998). Wal-Mart is being able to successfully utilise its resources and competencies in establishing sustained competitive advantage, with appropriate and combined application of Porters Diamond model with PESTEL methodologies and RBV theory, in order to cater to variable, disparate and localised merchandise preferences, desires and needs of their customers. Question 2: In May, 2006, Wal-Mart announced the sale of all its 16 South Korean stores, and shortly thereafter, in July of the same year, the sale of its German operations to Metro A.G.; after eight years of effort to try to make the businesses profitable (Depamphilis, 2009). Unlike its remarkable success in getting it right on its home turf, Wal-Mart could not adapt to the regulatory and cultural differences, as well as the strong labour unions, in Germany (Depamphilis, 2009). The intensity of the German competitors in offering very low price points across product categories and the consumers thrift and prudence was also largely underestimated by the company (Depamphilis, 2009). Various factors like (a) the German shoppers adverse perceptions regarding clerks bagging groceries, (instead of themselves, as per their habitual practice), (b) legal tussles with employees over Wal-Marts policies against employee-supervisor liaisons, (c) the companys inability to proffer extended shopping hours or to sell below cost, (because of German regulations), and (d) its inability to implement cost reductions because of strong unionism, contributed in making the companys German venture a big mistake (Depamphilis, 2009). Wal-Mart forayed into Korea with the acquisition of 4 units, in 1999, from the Metro owned Dutch chain named Macro (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). Korea is a comparatively established market with the local Emart being the leader in the retail marketplace (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). Emart was made an acquisition offer by Wal-Mart, which it rejected (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). The company was also cautioned by Emart that with Korea being a localised market with very specific customer needs and wants, Wal-Marts size and its status as the largest global retailer would not be very relevant in achieving competitive advantage in the Korean marketplace (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). Wal-Mart entered the market with a bang but could never gain prominence; after seven years it sold its stores (ironically) to Emart and exited the market (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). In China, on the other hand, the company progressed well. Avoiding major blunders, it has been able to achieve the right mix of localisation of store formats and merchandise mix (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). Chinas high heterogeneity, with regard to its peoples habits and wants are similar to that of any other developing economy (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). It has laboured hard to become an esteemed retailer in China, even as it is still too early in the country to realise its full potential (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). This is important because China and India are at the centre of Wal-Marts global ambitions for Asia (Depamphilis, 2009). Wal-Mart reckons China as a solitary large market, whereas its more successful French competitor Carrefour considers China as a cluster of regional or local markets; Wal-Mart has a centralised sourcing and distribution centre unlike Carrefour (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). The Chinese prefer to purchase fresh poultry and meat; hence the need for local sourcing to be faster and smarter rather than being centrally sourced (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). Wal-Mart in China assists local retailer businesses to improve their functioning and service standards in order to integrate better with the local economies (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). Its perseverance in localisation of procurement creates more job opportunities, reposes trust in local producers, and helps in sustaining local economies (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). Wal-Mart treats its Chinese vendors as partners in development. Practically 95% of the goods sold by the company are locally produced by almost 20,000 suppliers (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). Wal-Marts journey in China has been fraught with many challenges, primarily due to the American retailing methodologies followed by the organisation (Gopalkrishnan, 2009). The singular differentiator between Wal-Marts strategies and Carrefours more entrenched adjustment to the Chinese environment lies in it appreciation of and response to local culture and consumer behaviour (Gopalkrishnan, 2009). In China the company possibly needs to understand that heterogeneous Chinese shoppers would possibly be better served by decentralised operations, combined with simultaneous leveraging of its competitive advantages of low prices, quality, and technologically superior logistics (Gopalkrishnan, 2009). Working together with local partners within the regulatory framework and cultural landscape is a critical lesson that appears to have been absorbed and espoused in advancing its Chinese retail footprint (Gopalkrishnan, 2009). Wal-Mart, by exiting the German market, (post the $ 1 billion pre-tax bottom-line hit), and retreating from the Korean marketplace, conveyed to its stakeholders the lessons it learnt on (a) the importance of appreciating cultural and environmental differences in new markets and (b) the need to focus sharply on profitability and returns in its global investment and growth strategy (Workman, D., 2006). Question 3: The widely used PESTEL framework represents an analytical methodology for evaluating the milieu in which individual organisations or industries operate, work and are managed; such an analysis aids in methodically focusing upon and assessing the impact of various environmental forces, namely those that are political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal in nature, upon business organisations or particular industrial segments (Gray, 1999, P 12). The Wal-Mart group scrupulously operates within the political and legal frameworks in all the countries in which it operates; such a strategy can often lead to the emergence of serious challenges, as in Germany where local regulations did not permit the company to extend the weekend hours or to sell below cost (Depamphilis, 2009). The companys expansion into different nations are also dependent on local political conditions and governmental and local regulations, as illustrated by Wal-Marts unsuccessful foray in Indonesia, where it needed the support of Suhartos network to ensure continuance of operations (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). Apart from such factors organisations have to deal with copious local laws regarding labour and welfare; other trading regulations also affect business operations and need to be complied with, by organisations, their employees and their participating associates. Ecological challenges with regard to environmental protection and use of green production methodologies also need to be diligently targeted above minimum statutory requirements and achieved; Wal-Mart projects itself as a sustainability leader and incorporates participation of all internal and external associates and partners in setting targets for fulfilment of their energy needs (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). Its environmental and green objectives are targeted to be achieved through greater use of renewable sources, encouraging use of environmentally friendly products and working towards zero waste (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). Catastrophic events and fluctuating weather patterns can also challenge operational efficiencies (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). Most global retail players have at one time or another felt the need to factor in challenges relating to country specific general economic conditions, disposable incomes of shoppers, buying patterns and preferences, cost of goods and labour, interest and currency exchange rates, customer debt levels, credit availability and history, fuel and energy prices, insurance costs, et al. (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). Economic challenges, especially in forays into matured markets, include top-line protection, sustained profitability and cash flows; these challenges assume critical proportions, not only due to the intense rivalry and competition in the retail turf, but also due to wafer thin margins and the fairly long gestation period involved in setting up just-in-time inventory and logistics, and best in class infrastructure. The socio-cultural norms of no two nations are alike. This poses immense challenges in conforming to local practices and customs and therefore requires diligent and sustained efforts in satisfying cultural needs; inadequate attention to cultural needs has led to numerous retail failures across the globe; Germany and Korea represent two cases of different cultures that Wal-Mart failed to tackle appropriately (Depamphilis, 2009). Another case in point is the heterogeneous nature of the Chinese population, which mandates local rather than centralised sourcing (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). Diverse cultural environments prevail even within small countries, on the lines of geographical or other divisions, demanding adherence by business to disparate social and cultural norms. Retail forays into new international marketplaces need implementation of contemporary technology for combating the inherently competitive nature of the industry. Wal-Mart and other major retail players are using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology for product tagging and coding to combat the logistics challenges for procuring, moving, stacking and selling ever increasing volumes and varieties of merchandise across geographies and continents (Stoler, 2006). Additional risks that Wal-Mart could be exposed to in its global businesses could emerge from fiscal and monetary policies and inflation rates of its host countries, political, social and economic instability, adverse tax consequences, and, inter alia, difficulties in enforcing IPRs (Intellectual Property Rights) in non-US countries (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). The mitigation of these challenges and risks essentially lie in diligently adapting to local country-specific and region-specific norms and regulations and in synergising them with proprietary best-in-class expertise in technology and logistics. Such stratagems are required for the progression of glocalisation or transnational objectives and attainment of economic and sustainable growth. Question 4: The management of the Wal-Mart conglomerate employs numerous measures for evaluation of corporate performance, the chief among them being (a) total sales, (b) operating income, (c) comparable store sales, (d) diluted income per share from continuing operations, (e) return on investment and (f) free cash-flow (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). The total sales for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2010, clocked in at $ 401.2 million compared to $ 374.3 million for the previous year, registering a 7.2% growth, following a 8.6% growth in the previous 2008 fiscal (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). Such enhancement in net sales resulted from diverse acquisitions, store sales additions, and the worldwide expansion of business (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). The efficacious management and leveraging of expenses of the company can be measured by operating income, which rose by 3.95 % in fiscal 2009, against an increase of 7.1% in the previous year; this occurrence occurred primarily because of Internationals adverse impact from foreign currency conversion rates, (amounting to $ 2.3 billion) and the Sam Clubs marginal percent decrease, due to increases in operating and overhead expenses (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). Introducing new stores leads necessarily to reduction in sales of existing stores in the vicinity; as per revised capital efficiency computation methodology, the adverse approximate impact on current store sales was 1.1% and 1.5% in fiscals 2009 and 2008 respectively; this impact will abate in future due to intended reduction in opening of new stores (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). The diluted income from continuing businesses increased from $ 3.16 in fiscal 2008 to $ 3.35 per share in fiscal 2009, consequent to income enhancements, combined with repurchase of outstanding quantum of weighted average shares. The corresponding figure for fiscal 2007 was $ 2.92 diluted income per share (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). The Return on Investment (ROI), a critical measurement tool for assessment of efficiency of deployment of assets by the organisation, stood at 19.3% for fiscal 2009 and 19.6% for fiscal 2008. Some of this decrease occurred because of the investment in Chile and the settlement of workers class action lawsuits (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). Free cash flows are net cash flows made available by continuing operations for a period, less the outflows made for purchase of equipment and property during such period, and reflect the capability of organisations to engender additional cash flows from various business segments ; Wal-Marts free cash flows increased from $ 5.7 to 11.6 billion through fiscals 2008 and 2009 respectively (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). A scrutiny of the 5 year financial data reveals that organisational sales increased from $ 281.5 million in fiscal 2005 to $ 401.2 million in fiscal 2009, representing a 42.5% absolute increase (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). A further analysis of the financials reveals that overall net sales realisation per square footage increased by 1.7% from $ 428.2 to $ 435.7 between fiscals 2007 and 2009 respectively (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). It is also important to note that for the Wal-Mart US segment, (which contributed 63.7% of the overall net sales for fiscal 2009), the net sales realisation increased by 3.6% from $ 418.8 to $ 434.0 per square foot between fiscal 2007 and 2009. The average realisation per store in the US increased from $ 65.73 to $ 69.95 million, representing an increase of 6.4% over the same period (Wal-Mart Group, 2010). The above performance analysis of Wal-Marts business segments, vis-à  -vis its strategies, reveals that the group should be able to continue to successfully overcome or sidestep the challenges it must inevitably face in future, considering its worldwide span of operations in 15 diverse global territories. The companys financials reveal that the strength of its balance sheet will continue, barring major risks, to supplement its resources every year in achieving its strategic objectives for the benefit of its stakeholders. Question 5: Wal-Mart forayed into the global marketplace, with the opening of the Sams Club in Mexico, in the 1990s, to revitalise its constrained domestic sales growth; this diversification yielded immense results in terms of growth, in both revenues and earnings, especially after appropriate changes in the companys international strategy were effected in 1999 (Wal-Mart Group, 2007). The company thereafter entered, (in quick succession), Puerto Rico in 1991, Canada in 1994, Brazil and Argentina in 1995, and China in 1996 (Wal-Mart Group, 2007). The subsequent ingress into the UK through the purchase of ASDA, as well as into Japan through Seiyu, furthered its global operations (Wal-Mart Group, 2007). The first part of the companys three-pronged strategy, to unlock the value in their global business, addressed portfolio optimisation in making of correct investments, dissociating from unsuccessful investments, and growing both organically and inorganically (Wal-Mart Group, 2007). The second leg of this international strategy, according to Mitch Slape, Wal-Marts (International Business Development) Vice President, is to leverage global markets to add value through use of all of Wal-Marts resources, competencies, and associations, (Wal-Mart Group, 2007). The year 2007 saw the addition of the third dimension of their strategy, namely, to be triumphant in each of the geographical areas of operation and to have a unique position for eventual generation of value for shareholders. The company, to achieve this, continues to be fixated on the local consumer, relocate know-how, and grow the best international and local talent to enable leveraging the global scale (Wal-Mart Group, 2007). The competition amongst retail companies on the basis of local market power and local scale establishes the branding, cost composition and recall presence for the customer, in all countries; Wal-Mart hurt itself sorely whenever it did not adhere to this principle (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). With most of the customers, to the first Mexican Wal-Mart store, commuting by buses instead of cars, the companys large Americanised parking-lot was piled up with shopping carts at the end that was closer to the bus stop (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). The product categories and inventories stacked were attuned to American needs, e.g. golf balls for the lower income level customers (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). Wal-Mart learnt quickly from these initial and relatively minor errors and bounced back to achieve remarkable success (Mahajan-Bansal, 2010). Bartlett and Ghoshal (1989) aver that the organisation must manage itself to realise the synergies of global assimilation and national receptiveness and learn to thrive in the global arena (Fahy, 1996). In terms of wherewithal, such a theory connotes that the organisation should depend not only on the parent organisations resources (global assimilation) or on the resources of the local company (national receptiveness) but must equally highlight both; it must also effectively ensure two-way transfer of learning between both the companies (Fahy, 1996). Although numerous authors assert the pursuit of a global strategy on the foundation of the industrys internationalisation prospects (Porter 1986; Yip, 1989), there is a divergent view that companies need to merge both the local and global dimensions; this combination is occasionally known as localisation (Main, 1989) (Fahy, 1996). Translated, the transnational solution advocates that global business players assimilate the organisational resources and competencies of both the host and the home country (Fahy, 1996). The primary and widely accepted reason for Wal-Marts success in China, as also in the other countries it has forayed into concerns its ability to, over time, acclimatise its operational, merchandising and marketing stratagems to enable their juxtaposition with the host countrys culture. The pursuit of such a transnational, or glocalisation strategy, has led to the company becoming an entrenched transnational retail player. Wal-Mart has successfully implemented its intended stratagems in growing from one international retail store in 1991 to over 3000 stores in 2007 in 13 non-US markets under 50 diverse banners; with almost 600,000 associates or employees offering goods and services to 49 million consumers every week, it has been growing at a compound rate of 24.7% per annum for the last seven years (Wal-Mart Group, 2007). Question 6: Globalisation has ensured enormous wealth creation worldwide over the last two decades. The unprotected and saturated domestic markets of business organisations have forced them to cross their national borders (Stoler, 2006); this global competition has wrought considerable internal and external benefits to businesses and societies across the world. The direct benefit of quantitative growth has profited Wal-Mart in two critical areas, the first being the considerable economies of scale that Wal-Mart has been able to garner from its worldwide buying clout and second, the benefits that have accrued to it from the exchange of ideas across its global operations (Wal-Mart Group, 2007). Wal-Marts volumes have helped it in extracting deeper discounts from all the local businesses of its multinational vendors, like Proctor Gamble, GE and Unilever; who have their own worldwide operations (Wal-Mart Group, 2007). The flow of ideas across geographies also help in the best practices of one country being imbibed in another; a case in point being the layouts of the wine departments in stores in Argentina being replicated into layouts globally (Wal-Mart Group, 2007). Technology has propelled the use of bleeding edge innovations in ensuring efficient inventory and logistics controls. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) product coding and tagging , as an alternative to bar codes, for inventory and security purposes, is already in use by large manufacturers and retailers like Wal-Mart and their worldwide vendors (Stoler, 2006). This translates into immense benefits in terms of supremely efficient global tracking, securing and movement of large volumes of merchandise containers by road, sea and air (Stoler, 2006). Wal-Marts use of its competitively advantageous cross-docking logistics system, by ensuring the movement of these tracked goods between two docking stations within forty eight hours, results in nominal inventories and substantial saving of 2 to 3 percent (Fahy, 1996). In a business where low costs and stretched margins are crucial, this system has generated substantial business values and market dominance (Fahy, 1996). The inimitable local and global synergies of bringing together people, communication systems and modes of transportation give Wal-Mart exceptional competitive advantages (Fahy, 1996). The larger implication of the use of these technologies is in facilitating and promoting, rather than in retarding, international trade through addressing of crucial anti-terrorism and security apprehensions (Stoler, 2006). The extensive use of such technologies also implies that customers will soon be able to verify radio-tagged products, know where, when and by whom they were manufactured, the physical components and chemical procedures used in manufacture, the shipment logistics, the dietetic content and , inter alia, their adherence to sustainable development manufacturing methodologies (Stoler, 2006). Such well informed shoppers should further the cause of superior retail management by buying more merchandise than they are content with (Stoler, 2006). The global commodity chain (GCC) approach of Gereffi and Korzeniewicz (1994) looks at the worldwide unification, along value and / or commodity chains, concerning consumption, distribution and production of goods (Dolan, 2004). This diagnostic tool is especially valuable in identifying the vital role that conglomerates like Wal-Mart, GAP and Nike play in managing activities in value chains (Dolan, 2004). Gereffi (1994, 1999) underlined the criticality of the so-called buyer-driven commodity chains, and argued that, in certain business sectors, the large marketers, brand-name companies, and retailers, play a central role in instituting and prodding geographically disseminated manufacturing and supplying systems, without their ownership of such systems (Dolan, 2004). The horticultural value chain pertaining to UK-Africa demonstrates numerous properties of a buyer driven commodity chain (Dolan, 2004). The supermarkets oversee the supply arrangements that cover numerous African nations and not only identify the goods but also the manners of production of such merchandise (Dolan and Humphrey, 2004) (Dolan, 2004). Such supermarkets progressively establish the manufacturing imperatives of the upstream horticultural entities and obliquely impact their assumed employment stratagems (Dolan, 2004). This enables significant and direct benefits to Wal-Mart in terms of display of disparate and locally preferred merchandise on its shelves worldwide, thereby helping it to service its customers better. Assignment 2: Individual Reflective Statement Moon (2004) avers that the stages of the reflective cycle, in the widely used Kolb cycle, (Gibbs. 1988), have been variously described by theorists as (a) the experience, (b) identification of the necessity for a resolution of an issue, (c) explanation of the issue, (d) reassessing and remembering, (e) re-evaluating affections / expressive stage, (f) processing of information and thoughts, (g) the ultimate resolution, likely transformation and action and (h) probable action. The Business Synoptic attempts to analyse, with the global retailer Wal-Mart, as the case study, the main issues of the frameworks used to garner competitive advantage in the global marketplace. The exercise helps in comparing the successful, or otherwise, entries into different foreign markets and in assessing the learning thus achieved, understanding the challenges and risks associated with such ventures, identifying the appropriate performance indicators for enabling the analysis of performance of last five years, assessing the results of such analysis vis-à  -vis the adopted strategies, examining the strategies adopted by the company, and finally deciding whether and why such strategies were and are appropriate, and how globalisation has benefited Wal-Mart. This reflective statement study draws greatly on the available literatures that cover the disparate fields of marketing management, strategic management, retail management, international business, and industrial organisation economics, as also the information available on Wal-Mart in the public domain, both on and off line. The analysis involves the use of primary and secondary information available from sources like the Wal-Mart groups website and from books, magazines, journals, the media and newspapers. Whilst the period of reference for this reflective statement commences in the 1960s, when Wal-Mart was founded, the major part of the analytical period spans from the early 1990s when Wal-Mart established its first overseas venture to the five years from 2004 to 2009, for assessment of financial performance indicators. It is also pertinent to note that adequate care has been taken in making sure that the subject matter under examination is pertinent to the issues under this analysis. During the course of this study, I have found that my reflective skills have developed, though I have sometimes skipped certain stages of the reflective cycle and have revisited them later, whilst, in other cases, I have digressed tangentially and have veered away from the current topic of study. This has, over the course of the study, enabled me to delve into the multi-faceted aspects of the diverse factors, as well as the underlying processes and policies that are involved in the management of huge conglomerates. This has also enabled me to better appreciate the humungous logistics behind the everyday retail experiences of millions of shoppers, including the author, who throng the ubiquitous worldwide superstores. During the course of one such digression, I was disheartened to learn that a multinational can also be susceptible for liabilities that can arise out of the non- compliance of its contracted associates with corporate policies on contract labour. The case study revealed the complex relationships that exist between the business environment and the tactical and strategic policies implemented in business segments, as well as the impact and relevance of such policies in staying competitive in the international marketplace. The study also presented the author with the diverse economic, environmental and social criteria that mandated the present and prospective course of action of an organisation for maintenance of its global supremacy in the retail industry. The study of the literature further clarified the importance of social and cultural influences on inter related business decisions and the resultant prosperity, market penetration and growth. The use of both quantitative and qualitative infor

Comparison of Frankenstein Essay

We see that it is not their fault that they want to spread all over the world and get released out of the cage of an island they are in now, it is not their fault that they are being so cruelly treated, they want freedom and so they must escape for it, this leads to the destruction of the park and ironically with the park John Hammond himself, it is ironic how Hammond is destroyed by his own creatures, and not the big T-rex but the small velociraptors, that bring an end to his life. We see the velociraptors as birds, which are sublime, which makes it even more ironic. But its not the destruction of the park or the destruction of Hammond which we are upset about, but it is the dying of the creatures that we are upset about, because we build a feeling of them being just innocent subjects of a cruel experiment, and we want them to survive and Hammond to die. But in the end it is justified that everything is destroyed, creator, creations and habitat. It signals an end to a disaster, which was long predicted by Ian Malcolm who is the hero of the show at the end. In Frankenstein similar views are created in the readers mind about the creations of Victor, at first we see him as an outcast in community, and we see him as an inhumane figure just because he does not look like a human. In reality he is bigger than human, he is greater, he is actually very intelligent and physically very big, actually ironically, he is bigger and better than his miniscule creator and most around him. Victor’s creation receives a lot of sympathy from the readers, at first in the beginning he is seen as an ugly creature whom everyone abhors but as soon as he starts to talk we understand him inside and why he does what he does, after killing victors family he talk to us but we understand him and see what is going on. We feel very sympathetic towards him. It is in the end just a tragedy that the creature has to dies, but it is also justified that Victor must dies with him. As we can see that both stories end in the same way, with both creators, creation and habitat all being destroyed, this is what we learn from the playing of god and how wrong it is and why we shouldn’t do it. The incidents, which lead up to the climax in each story, are systematically and cleverly put there to build up the reader’s thoughts for the end of the book. The final scene in Jurassic Park is the destruction of the Park and in Frankenstein it is the Final Confrontation between Victor and his creation. Either way they lead up to dramatic scenes. In Jurassic Park, at the beginning there are scenes to inform us of the dinosaurs these include sightings of the dinosaurs and how they bite a young girl and how a mauled down by a Raptor. Reading these scenes makes you think that there will be dangerous animals I the book and that it will be full of violence. Afterwards when it is clear to the reader that a park has been built for the dinosaurs and the awareness of the dinosaurs becomes apparent, the death scenes get more violent and destructive and frequent. As the scenes get more brutal we seem to think that the dinosaurs are getting way to out of control but later we realise that this is the way that dinosaurs behave and it is inhumane and not possible to make them act another way, so then we feel sorry for them. In the end this stupid ness to think that the dinosaurs could be manipulated to act in a way that they will not cause destructiveness is foolishness and because nothing is done about it, it is inevitable that in the need the dinosaurs just over rule the park and destroy everything and everyone and ironically their own creator in the process. As the death scenes get more frequent, they just keep on growing in frequency and eventually the dinosaur’s crack and all the dinosaurs attack at once and the park is destroyed. Only a few people get away, one of these is Ian Malcolm the theorist who beloved none of this was possible and how right he was, everyone thinks he is genius for this. In Frankenstein there are many deaths too until the final confrontation, but these deaths are al the same, except one which is the death of Justine Moritz. This death is different because she gets hanged for a murder which she did not commit, and which Victor’s creation committed. This fires up a lot of tension, and show that the creation is a evil person and also creates a bigger gap between Victor and his creation. We now see the monster as an evil man, but later on when we hear from him, we see that he is not actually what we think of him, he is quite the opposite, we hear that he thinks he is a clever man and is not accepted in society which is an effective method of making us feel sorry for him. In the end we can see that the book is not climaxed like in Jurassic park with the build of scenes of violence and destruction but with the points of view of both men and finally a confrontation. Either way in both books the climax is not what is ideal. It is a lesson that both writers are trying to convey, it is a message that playing god will eventually lead to deaths, and overall destruction. I n the end both characters in each book are as we can see victims of their own ideas, creations. They both fail because they act selfishly and do not listen to the advice of others. Both men assume the place of god, not just in the act of â€Å"playing god† but in the way they view their control their creatures as if they possessed God’s powers. They lack God’s love; neither Frankenstein, nor Hammond proves capable of loving and respecting his â€Å"offspring. † English/Literature GCSE Course Wider Reading Unit Comparison of â€Å"Frankenstein† (Pre-1900) and â€Å"Jurassic Park† (Pro-1900) Page 2 By Sheryar Majid Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

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